During the last three decades, a series of key technological improvements turned atomic
force microscopy (AFM) into a nanoscopic laboratory to directly observe and chemically …

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a broadly applicable, composition sensitive analytical
technique. By leveraging the high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM), the …

The advent of nanotechnology, and the need to understand the chemical composition at the
nanoscale, has stimulated the convergence of IR and Raman spectroscopy with scanning …

Infrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their
perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to …

We review the recent biomedical detection developments of scanning near-field optical
microscopy (SNOM), focusing on scattering-type SNOM, atomic force microscope-based …

The chemical and structural properties of biomolecules determine their interactions, and
thus their functions, in a wide variety of biochemical processes. Innovative imaging methods …

Photosynthetic membranes are typically densely packed with proteins, and this is crucial for
their function in efficient trapping of light energy. Despite being crowded with protein, the …

While infrared spectroscopy is a powerful technique that provides molecular information
such as chemical constituents and chemical structures of analytes, it suffers from low …

Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR, enables nanoscale
infrared (IR) imaging and spectroscopy by using the tip of an atomic force microscope to …

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) leads to a largely improved detection of
polar molecules, compared to standard infrared absorption. The enhancement principle is …