The Mediator complex, which in humans is 1.4 MDa in size and includes 26 subunits,
controls many aspects of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) function. Apart from its size, a defining …

Abstract The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) pre-initiation complex (PIC) is a critical node in
eukaryotic transcription regulation, and its formation is the major rate-limiting step in …

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases whose catalytic activities are
regulated by interactions with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs). CDKs are key regulatory …

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway exerts integral roles in embryogenesis and adult
homeostasis. Aberrant activation of the pathway is implicated in growth-associated diseases …

In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding
RNAs pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator …

All multicellular organisms rely on differential gene transcription regulated by genomic
enhancers, which function through cofactors that are recruited by transcription factors …

Studies of the regulation of erythropoietin (EPO) production by the liver and kidneys, one of
the classical physiological responses to hypoxia, led to the discovery of human oxygen …

The dynamic regulation of transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an
integral part of the implementation of gene expression programmes during development. In …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all protein-coding genes and many
noncoding RNAs in eukaryotic genomes. Although Pol II is a complex, 12-subunit enzyme, it …

Abstract The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) enzyme transcribes all protein-coding and most non-
coding RNA genes and is globally regulated by Mediator—a large, conformationally flexible …