Overcrowding conditions and temperatures shifts regularly manifest in large-scale infections
of farmed fish, resulting in economic losses for the global aquaculture industries. Increased …

Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Abstract Interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ) is probably one of the most relevant cytokines
orchestrating the immune response in vertebrates. Although the activities mediated by this …

IFN-γ, as the sole member of mammalian type II IFN, is a multifunctional cytokine which
exerts its effects through two distinct IFN-γ receptors, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. However, in …

Gene duplication leads to subfunctionalization of paralogs. In mammals, IFN-γ is the sole
member of the type II IFN family and binds to a receptor complex consisting of IFN-γR1 and …

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of mediators in various biological processes
including immune modulation of interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokine expression …

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a widely expressed cytokine that has potent antiviral and
immunomodulatory effects. The expression and bioactivity of IFN-γ have been reported in …

Mammalian CIITA isoforms are tightly regulated by independent promoters. These
promotors are induced by IFN-γ through JAK–STAT signaling pathway. The induction of …

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a kind of classical multi-functional growth factor that
plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels …

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key players in the immune system of vertebrates. The
evolution and properties of IFN-γ and its receptors in fish species are of special interest as …