From the earliest comparisons of RNA production with steady-state levels, it has been clear
that cells transcribe more RNA than they accumulate, implying the existence of active RNA …

RNAs in cells are associated with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to form ribonucleoprotein
(RNP) complexes. The RBPs influence the structure and interactions of the RNAs and play …

As key regulators in cellular functions, microRNAs (miRNAs) themselves need to be tightly
controlled. Lin28, a pluripotency factor, was reported to downregulate let-7 miRNA by …

Summary RNase III Drosha initiates microRNA (miRNA) maturation by cleaving a primary
miRNA transcript and releasing a pre-miRNA with a 2 nt 3′ overhang. Dicer recognizes the …

Post-transcriptional processes have a central role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene
expression. Although it has been known for a long time that these processes are functionally …

RNA tailing, or the addition of non-templated nucleotides to the 3′ end of RNA, is the most
frequent and conserved type of RNA modification. The addition of tails and their composition …

The exosome complex of 3′→ 5′ exonucleases is an important component of the RNA-
processing machinery in eukaryotes. This complex functions in the accurate processing of …

Nearly two decades ago, Xenopus oocytes were found to contain mRNAs harboring a small
sequence in their 3′ untranslated regions that control cytoplasmic polyadenylation and …

The steady-state levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their activities are regulated by the post-
transcriptional processes. It is known that 3′ ends of several miRNAs undergo post-dicing …

Poly (A) tails have long been known as stable 3′ modifications of eukaryotic mRNAs,
added during nuclear pre‐mRNA processing. It is now appreciated that this modification is …