Many studies on the control of reproduction in mollusks have focused on hormones (and
proteins associated with the production and signaling of those hormones) which were …

The major sex steroids in humans, progesterone (P), testosterone (T), and 17β-estradiol
(E2), were discovered in the 1920-30s (1–3). Not long afterwards, the presence of vertebrate …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription regulators involved in an array of diverse
physiological functions including key roles in endocrine and metabolic function. The aim of …

Controlling of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails by plant molluscicides is the cornerstone in
treating schistosomiasis in Egypt. The objective of this study is, to evaluate the molluscicidal …

Atrazine (AZ) and glyphosate (GL) are herbicides that are widely applied to cereal crops in
Egypt. The present study was designed to investigate the response of the snail Biomphalaria …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) controls synthesis of sex steroid hormones
through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in vertebrates. But in mollusks, research …

Infection with trematodes produces physiological and behavioural changes in intermediate
snail hosts. One response to infection is parasitic castration, in which energy required for …

Bivalve mollusks are descendants of an early-Cambrian lineage and have successfully
evolved unique strategies for reproduction. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms …

In European limnetic systems, the most relevant endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) of
steroid type are the natural and synthetic hormones, phytosterols, pesticides, biocides and …

Abstract Knowledge of the neuroendocrine system possibly improves the reproductive
performance of captivated crustacean broodstock in aquaculture and it may substitute …