The roles of orexinergic system (orexin-A, orexin-B) and their receptors (orexin receptor type-
1, orexin receptor type-2) in various physiological processes such as arousal, reward …

Chronic pain is a multifaceted and complex condition that is divided into somatic, visceral,
and neuropathic pain. Although opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause …

Studies establish that the brain's Orexin system is involved in pain modulation. Orexin-1 and
orexin-2 receptors (OX1 and OX2r, respectively) are essential in responsiveness to stressful …

Objective (s): Intracerebroventricular injection of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) antagonist has
been shown to inhibit stress-induced analgesia. However the locations of central sites that …

Background: The lateral hypothalamus (LH), which produces orexin, is vital for body solution
homeostasis. Lateral hypothalamus (LH) lesion causes adipsia and its stimulation increases …

Orexin-A and orexin-B neuropeptides are specifically synthesized and secreted in
hypothalamic neurons. It is known that the orexinergic system participates in pain …