Glucocorticoid action on target tissues is determined by the density of “nuclear” receptors
and intracellular metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) interconverts inactive cortisone and
active cortisol. Although bidirectional, in vivo it is believed to function as a reductase …

Maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with significant alterations in
offspring neurodevelopment and elevated maternal glucocorticoids likely play a central role …

A large body of human epidemiological data, as well as experimental studies, suggest that
environmental factors operating early in life potently affect developing systems, permanently …

Insulin resistance has been proposed as a mediator of the association between risk factors
for cardiovascular disease in the population. The clinical syndrome of glucocorticoid excess …

Glucocorticoid hormones, acting via nuclear receptors, regulate many metabolic processes,
including hepatic gluconeogenesis. It recently has been recognized that intracellular …

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase and the Syndrome of Apparent Mineralocorticoid Excess*
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In mammalian tissues, at least two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-
HSD) catalyze the interconversion of hormonally active C11-hydroxylated corticosteroids …

In aging humans and rodents, inter-individual differences in cognitive function have been
ascribed to variations in long-term glucocorticoid exposure. 11β-Hydroxysteroid …

The highly prevalent metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia,
hypertension, along with abdominal obesity) resembles Cushing's syndrome. However, in …