TYK2 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase involved in adaptive and innate immune responses. A
deactivating coding variant has previously been shown to prevent receptor-stimulated …

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality
across the world. If left untreated, approximately one-third of these patients will progress to …

Background & Aims Chronic hepatitis C virus infection activates an intrahepatic immune
response, leading to increased expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes and …

Hepatic fibrosis occurs during chronic hepatic injury and is involved in hepatic stellate cells
(HSCs) activated by several types of immune cells. Among the immune cells, hepatic …

The clinical exploitation of type I interferon (IFN) as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent is
based on the properties originally attributed to this cytokine family, with schedules reflecting …

Legionella pneumophila elicits caspase-11-driven macrophage pyroptosis through
guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) encoded on chromosome 3. It has been proposed that …

Background and Aims Interferon (IFN)‐α, composed of numerous subtypes, plays a crucial
role in immune defense. As the most studied subtype, IFN‐α2 has been used for treating …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of
intercellular communication. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the role of …

Tightly interlinked feedback regulators control the dynamics of intracellular responses
elicited by the activation of signal transduction pathways. Interferon alpha (IFNα) …

Type I (α and β) and type III (λ) IFNs are induced upon viral infection through host sensory
pathways that activate IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) and nuclear factor κB. Secreted IFNs …