Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational,
and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering …

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted
pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative …

Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical
problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of …

Agonists for the μ-opioid receptor are powerful analgesics and are highly addictive;
however, the contribution of the δ-and κ-opioid and opioid receptor-like receptors to …

Opioid abuse has increased in the last decade, primarily as a result of increased access to
prescription opioids. Physicians are also increasingly administering opioid analgesics for …

The fluorescent pigment lipofuscin accumulates with age in the cytoplasm of cells of the
CNS. Because of its broad excitation and emission spectra, the presence of lipofuscin-like …

Recent animal studies reveal ascending nociceptive and descending modulatory pathways
that may contribute to the affective–motivational aspects of pain and play a critical role in the …

Although opioids are highly effective for the treatment of pain, they are also known to be
intensely addictive. There has been a massive research investment in the development of …

Opioids are the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but
they have recently come under scrutiny owing to epidemic levels of abuse and overdose …

The third edition of this monograph continues to have the goal of providing an overview of
current thought about the spinal cord mechanisms that are responsible for sensory …