Iron and steel industry is the largest energy consuming manufacturing sector in the world. It
is responsible for emitting 4–5% of the total anthropogenic CO 2. Due to consistently …

This paper provides a critical review on the current status and potential of biomass utilization
in ferrous metallurgical processes, ie, the blast furnace (BF)–basic oxygen furnace (BOF) …

Gas-pressurized torrefaction is efficient for upgrading biomass to substitute metallurgical
coke. Herein, the effects of pressure and temperature on corncob torrefied products as well …

Porous hematite ore was prepared by the dehydration of low-grade limonite ore with high
moisture content. In this study, the mechanisms and kinetics of the isothermal reduction of …

Greenhouse gases, particularly the carbon dioxide, cause global warming and extreme
weather, which has become a serious threat to human beings. The steel industry creates …

Effective utilization of low-grade iron ore and coal can be one of the solutions for avoiding
the high cost of raw materials and solving the problem of resource shortages in the …

This work describes a new biomass ironmaking that uses low-grade iron ore and woody
biomass for promoting the direct reduction of a nanoporous iron ore infiltrated and …

Deposited carbon within low-grade iron ore which was produced using integrated coal
pyrolysis and tar decomposition showed high reactivity as a reducing agent. However …

This study optimizes the dehydration temperature of goethite to control pore morphology.
The pore morphology was characterized by using transmission electron microscopy and the …

Numerous innovative low-carbon ironmaking technologies rely on the use of a high-
temperature, highly reducing gas, with examples including the gas-based direct reduction …