Optimal risk assessment for primary prevention remains highly challenging. Recent
registries have highlighted major discrepancies between guidelines and daily practice …

Calcium controls numerous events within the vessel wall. Permeability of the endothelium is
calcium dependent, as are platelet activation and adhesion, vascular smooth muscle …

Abstract Background and Aims Statin recommendations in primary prevention depend upon
risk algorithms. Moreover, with intermediate risk, risk enhancers and de-enhancers are …

There are a number of devastating complications associated with peripheral artery disease,
including limb amputations and acute limb ischemia. Despite the overlap, atherosclerotic …

In CKD and in the elderly, Vascular Calcifications (VC) are associated to cardiovascular
events and bone fractures. VC scores at the abdominal aorta (AA) from lateral spine …

Background: The Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score provides robust
cardiovascular disease risk prediction but upweights plaque area by a density factor …

High CAC burden is an important risk factor for SCD in asymptomatic middle-aged adults,
suggesting that SCD risk stratification can begin in the early stages of CHD via …

Background The association between vascular calcification (VC) and kidney stone is still
inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of kidney stone …

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is commonly observed in atherosclerotic plaques, which
is a pathogenic factor for severe coronary artery disease (CAD). The phenotype changes of …

Atherosclerosis, a complex metabolic-immune disease characterized by chronic
inflammation driven by the buildup of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls, has emerged as …