Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a transactivator of transcription (Tat)
protein, which has several functions that promote viral replication, pathogenesis, and …

HIV-1 persists in infected individuals despite years of antiretroviral therapy (ART), due to the
formation of a stable and long-lived latent viral reservoir. Early ART can reduce the latent …

The ability of HIV to establish long-lived latent infection is mainly due to transcriptional
silencing of viral genome in resting memory T lymphocytes. Here, we show that new semi …

Tat, the trans-activator of transcription, is a multifunctional HIV-1 protein that can induce
chronic inflammation and the development of somatic diseases in HIV-infected patients …

Sensitive and reproducible diagnostics are fundamental to containing the spread of existing
and emerging pathogens. Despite the reliance of clinical virology on qPCR, technical …

A genetic bottleneck is a hallmark of HIV-1 transmission such that only very few viral strains,
termed transmitted/founder (T/F) variants establish infection in a newly infected host …

Although there have been many studies of gene variant association with different stages of
HIV/AIDS progression in United States and European cohorts, few gene-association studies …

Variation and differential selection pressures on Tat genes have been shown to alter the
biological function of the protein, resulting in pathological consequences in a number of …

Global efforts to ensure that 90% of all HIV-infected people receiving antiretroviral therapy
(ART) will be virally suppressed by 2020 could be crippled by increases in acquired and …

Abstract HIV-1Tat (trans-acting activator of transcription) plays essential roles in the
replication through viral mRNA and genome transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter …