Constraining the core's composition is essential for understanding Earth accretion, core
formation and the sustainment of Earth's magnetic field. Earth's outer and inner core exhibit …

The current state and surface conditions of the Earth and its twin planet Venus are drastically
different. Whether these differences are directly inherited from the earliest stages of …

Deep carbon cycle is crucial for mantle dynamics and maintaining Earth's habitability.
Recycled carbonates are a strong oxidant in mantle carbon-iron redox reactions, leading to …

Massive steam and CO 2 atmospheres have been proposed for magma ocean outgassing of
Earth and terrestrial planets. Yet formation of such atmospheres depends on volatile …

The two primary observable quantities of an exoplanet—its mass and radius—alone are not
sufficient to probe a rocky exoplanet's interior composition and mineralogy. To overcome …

The next step on the path toward another Earth is to find atmospheres similar to those of
Earth and Venus—high–molecular-weight (secondary) atmospheres—on rocky exoplanets …

The spin state of Fe can alter the key physical properties of silicate melts, affecting the early
differentiation and the dynamic stability of the melts in the deep rocky planets. The low-spin …

Crystallization in Earth's deep magma ocean could have caused trace element fractionation
in the lower mantle that might be inherited to the isotopic compositions of the present-day …

The viscosity of magma plays a crucial role in the dynamics of the Earth: from the
crystallization of a magma ocean during its initial stages to modern-day volcanic processes …

Vaporization is a major outcome of giant impacts during planet formation. The last giant
impact marked a major stage in the early history of our planet, with the formation of a highly …