Evolutionary theory postulates that altruistic behavior evolved for the return-benefits it bears
the performer. For return-benefits to play a motivational role, however, they need to be …

Over the last quarter century, the dominant tendency in comparative cognitive psychology
has been to emphasize the similarities between human and nonhuman minds and to …

The 'social intelligence hypothesis' was originally conceived to explain how primates may
have evolved their superior intellect and large brains when compared with other animals …

Empathy covers a range of phenomena from cognitive empathy involving
metarepresentation to emotional contagion stemming from automatically triggered reflexes …

The aim of this review is to discuss recent arguments and findings in the comparative study
of empathy. Based on a multidisciplinary approach including psychology and ethology, we …

Consolation, ie, postconflict affiliative interaction directed from a third party to the recipient of
aggression, is assumed to have a stress-alleviating function. This function, however, has …

Both humans and group-living animals associate and behave affiliatively more with some
individuals than others. Human friendship has long been acknowledged, and recently …

How animals respond to conflict provides key insights into the evolution of socio-cognitive
and emotional capacities. Evidence from apes has shown that, after social conflicts …

Background Bystander affiliation (post-conflict affiliation from an uninvolved bystander to the
conflict victim) may represent an expression of empathy in which the bystander consoles the …

The fact that humans cooperate with nonkin is something we take for granted, but this is an
anomaly in the animal kingdom. Our species' ability to behave prosocially may be based on …