Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies have achieved remarkable clinical responses
in patients with many different types of cancer; however, most patients who receive ICB …

Therapeutic targeting of the immune system in cancer is now a clinical reality and marked
successes have been achieved, most notably through the use of checkpoint blockade …

Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates
with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages …

To effectively build on the recent successes of immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive T cell
therapy and cancer vaccines, it is critical to rationally design combination strategies that will …

The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the host defense against viral and
microbial infection. Exosomes constitute a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can be …

Radiotherapy (RT) used at immunogenic doses leads to accumulation of cytosolic double-
stranded DNA (dsDNA) in cancer cells, which activates type I IFN (IFN-I) via the cGAS/STING …

The process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) makes use of the
innate immune cells providing antitumor cytotoxicity activated by antibodies linked to target …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that are important effectors in the first line
of defense toward transformed cells. This is mediated both by direct cytotoxic mechanisms …

Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists demonstrate therapeutic promise as immunological
adjuvants for anticancer immunotherapy. To date, three TLR agonists have been approved …

Radiotherapy (RT) is currently used in more than 50% of cancer patients during the course
of their disease in the curative, adjuvant or palliative setting. RT achieves good local control …