Highlights•Recurrent connectivity is anatomically and functionally prevalent in fly memory
circuits.•Sustained reverberant activity is necessary for memory consolidation.•Feedforward …

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations,
yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have …

Animals discriminate stimuli, learn their predictive value and use this knowledge to modify
their behavior. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) plays a key role in these processes …

Despite theoretical justification for the evolution of animal culture, empirical evidence for it
beyond mammals and birds remains scant, and we still know little about the process of …

Associative learning is thought to involve parallel and distributed mechanisms of memory
formation and storage. In Drosophila, the mushroom body (MB) is the major site of …

Honeybees contradict the notion that insect behaviour tends to be relatively inflexible and
stereotypical. Indeed, they live in colonies and exhibit complex social, navigational and …

Highlights•Dopamine neurons coding opposite value are segregated in the fly
brain.•Dopamine neurons representing reward type innervate discrete mushroom body …

Drosophila melanogaster can acquire a stable appetitive olfactory memory when the
presentation of a sugar reward and an odor are paired. However, the neuronal mechanisms …

Background The neuronal circuitry underlying sleep is poorly understood. Although
dopamine (DA) is thought to play a key role in sleep/wake regulation, the identities of the …

Psychological studies in humans and behavioral studies of model organisms suggest that
forgetting is a common and biologically regulated process, but the molecular, cellular, and …