The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (Trp–KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion
in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions …

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, and the mortality
rate continues to be unacceptably high. The biomarkers currently used in clinical practice …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized as renal dysfunction, is recognized as a major
public health problem with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, there are …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health problem with an increasing
prevalence partly driven by aging population structure. Both genomic and environmental …

The gut microbiota and its metabolites have become a hotspot of recent research.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) metabolized by the gut microbiota is closely related to …

Kidney diseases have become one of the most common health care problems. Due to a
growing number of advanced aged patients with concomitant disorders the prevalence of …

Background As a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, clinical demand for noninvasive
biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) beyond proteinuria is increasing …

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of disability and death, but
its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Plasma metabolites can provide insights into …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be treated if it is detected early, but as the disease
progresses, recovery becomes impossible. Eventually, renal replacement therapy such as …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the increasingly serious public health concerns
worldwide; the global burden of CKD is increasingly due to high morbidity and mortality. At …