Promotion of good mental health, prevention, and early intervention before/at the onset of
mental disorders improve outcomes. However, the range and peak ages at onset for mental …

Not only do anxiety and depression diagnoses tend to co-occur, but their symptoms are
highly correlated. Although a plethora of research has examined longitudinal associations …

The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) previously published
treatment guidelines for bipolar disorder in 2005, along with international commentaries and …

Despite widespread sex differences in prevalence and presentation of numerous illnesses
affecting the human brain, there has been little focus on the effect of endocrine ageing. Most …

Estradiol is the “prototypic” sex hormone of women. Yet, women have another sex hormone,
which is often disregarded: Progesterone. The goal of this article is to provide a …

Premenstrual disorders include premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder,
and premenstrual worsening of another medical condition. While the underlying causes of …

The menstrual cycle has attracted research interest ever since the 1930s. For many
researchers the menstrual cycle is an excellent model of ovarian steroid influence on …

Most women of reproductive age have some physical discomfort or dysphoria in the weeks
before menstruation. Symptoms are often mild, but can be severe enough to substantially …

There is a new appreciation of the perimenopause—defined as the early and late
menopause transition stages as well as the early postmenopause—as a window of …

Currently it is estimated that 3–8% of women of reproductive age meet strict criteria for
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Assessment of published reports demonstrate that …