Biological membranes are highly ordered structures consisting of mosaics of lipids and
proteins. Elevated temperatures can directly and effectively change the properties of these …

Major insights into the phylogenetic distribution, biochemistry, and evolutionary significance
of organelles involved in ATP synthesis (energy metabolism) in eukaryotes that thrive in …

Micronutrients are involved in all metabolic and cellular functions. Plants differ in their need
for micronutrients, and we will focus here only on those elements that are generally …

The use of fossil fuels is now widely accepted as unsustainable due to depleting resources
and the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the environment that have already exceeded …

Iron (Fe) is essential for life because of its role in protein cofactors. Photosynthesis, in
particular photosynthetic electron transport, has a very high demand for Fe cofactors. Fe is …

The current state of knowledge on how copper metallochaperones support the maturation of
cuproproteins is reviewed. Copper is needed within mitochondria to supply the CuA and …

Copper (Cu) is a cofactor in proteins that are involved in electron transfer reactions and is an
essential micronutrient for plants. Copper delivery is accomplished by the concerted action …

Many algae are auxotrophs for vitamin B12 (cobalamin), which they need as a cofactor for
B12‐dependent methionine synthase (METH). Because only prokaryotes can synthesize the …

Despite recent elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of major photosynthetic
complexes, our understanding of light energy conversion in plant chloroplasts and …

The CO 2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) represents an effective strategy for carbon
acquisition that enables microalgae to survive and proliferate when the CO 2 concentration …