The adaptive immune system and associated inflammation are vital in surveillance and host
protection against internal and external threats, but can secondarily damage host tissues …

This paper is the forty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of
research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during …

As we know, with continuous medical progress, the treatment of many diseases can be
conducted via surgery, which often relies on general anaesthesia for its satisfactory …

Addiction is a leading cause of disease burden worldwide and remains a challenge in
current neuroscience research. Drug-induced lasting changes in gene expression are …

Ethnopharmacological relevance The combination of Alisma and Atractylodes (AA), a
classical traditional Chinese herbal decoction, may protect against cerebral …

The critical role of epigenetic modification of histones in maintaining the normal function of
the nervous system has attracted increasing attention. Among these modifications, the level …

Background: The delta opioid receptor (DOR) contributes to pain control, and a major
challenge is the identification of DOR populations that control pain, analgesia, and …

We previously found that global deletion of the mitochondrial enzyme arginase 2 (A2) limits
optic nerve crush (ONC)-induced neuronal death. Herein, we examined the cell-specific role …

Purpose: This study determines if δ-opioid receptor agonist (ie SNC-121)-induced
epigenetic changes via regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) for retinal ganglion cell …

Siponimod, which is approved to treat active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, acts
as a functional antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 (S1P 1) and an …