Despite the considerable advancements in fabricating polymeric-based scaffolds for tissue
engineering, the clinical transformation of these scaffolds remained a big challenge because …

The clinical demand for tissue-engineered vascular grafts is still rising, and there are many
challenges that need to be overcome, in particular, to obtain functional small-diameter grafts …

Prosthetic eye is indispensable as filler after enucleation in patients with anophthalmia,
whereas there are still many complications including postoperative infection and eye socket …

Drug resistance is arguably one of the biggest challenges facing cancer research today.
Understanding the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance in tumor progression and …

Blood vessels are the tubes through which blood flows and are divided into three types:
millimeter-scale arteries, veins, and capillaries as well as micrometer-scale capillaries …

Abstract 3D bioprinting has unlocked new possibilities for generating complex and
functional tissues and organs. However, one of the greatest challenges lies in selecting the …

Inadequate vascularization is a significant barrier to clinical application of large-volume
tissue engineered grafts. In contrast to in vivo vascularization, in vitro prevascularization …

Vascularization is crucial for providing nutrients and oxygen to cells while removing waste.
Despite advances in 3D-bioprinting, the fabrication of structures with void spaces and …

A large number of studies have shown that changes in biomechanical characteristics are an
important indicator of tumor transformation in normal cells. Elastic deformation is one of the …

There is an increasing need for better preclinical therapeutic development models suitable
for the human body. As a result, there has been a shift from traditional animal models to …