Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders affecting
cortisol biosynthesis. Reduced activity of an enzyme required for cortisol production leads to …

With the explosion of neuroimaging, differences between male and female brains have been
exhaustively analyzed. Here we synthesize three decades of human MRI and postmortem …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by wide heterogeneity in cognitive and behavioural
syndromes, risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Addressing this phenotypic …

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) tractography is an advanced imaging
technique that enables in vivo reconstruction of the brain's white matter connections at …

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage. Chronic pain, with a prevalence of 20–30% is the major cause of human …

Depression represents a global mental health concern, and disproportionally affects women
as they are twice more likely to be diagnosed than men. In this review, we provide a …

Sex differences in the human brain are of interest for many reasons: for example, there are
sex differences in the observed prevalence of psychiatric disorders and in some …

Rates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) have increased in women by 84% over the past ten
years relative to a 35% increase in men. This substantive increase in female drinking is …

Sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic
and nongenomic receptors. Sex hormones can act through many cellular and molecular …

Whereas a categorical difference in the genitals has always been acknowledged, the
question of how far these categories extend into human biology is still not resolved …