The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway is one of the best understood immune-
related pathways thanks to almost four decades of intense research. NF-κB signaling is …

Macrophages are key cellular components of the innate immunity, acting as the main player
in the first‐line defence against the pathogens and modulating homeostatic and …

As an essential component of innate immunity, macrophages have multiple functions in both
inhibiting or promoting cell proliferation and tissue repair. Diversity and plasticity are …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence in latently infected resting memory CD4+
T-cells is the major barrier to HIV cure. Cellular histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important …

Microbial infection initiates complex interactions between the pathogen and the host.
Pathogens express several signature molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as components that recognize conserved
structures in pathogens has greatly advanced understanding of how the body senses …

Microglial activation plays central roles in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative
diseases. Positron emission tomography (PET) targeting 18 kDa Translocator Protein …

Despite their importance, the molecular circuits that control the differentiation of naive T cells
remain largely unknown. Recent studies that reconstructed regulatory networks in …

The critical role of inflammatory processes in health and disease has long been recognized,
1 yet the detailed molecular mechanisms and biological events that regulate the progression …

Infection of cells by microorganisms activates the inflammatory response. The initial sensing
of infection is mediated by innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which include Toll …