Poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) is a major source of morbidity and
mortality after stroke worldwide. PSCID occurs as a consequence of ischemic stroke …

The brain is supplied by an elaborate vascular network that originates extracranially and
reaches deep into the brain. The concept of the neurovascular unit provides a useful …

Brain function critically depends on a close matching between metabolic demands,
appropriate delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and removal of cellular waste. This matching …

Oxidative stress, a cytopathic outcome of excessive generation of ROS and the repression of
antioxidant defense system for ROS elimination, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder associated with slow, progressive
loss of brain functions mostly in older people. The disease processes start years before the …

The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the neurosciences has
been expanding over the last 40 years. Today, it is addressing a wide range of applications …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive
memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in activities of daily life. Its …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and
pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of …

Cognitive impairment associated with aging has emerged as one of the major public health
challenges of our time. Although Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of clinically …

Adequate supply of blood and structural and functional integrity of blood vessels are key to
normal brain functioning. On the other hand, cerebral blood flow shortfalls and blood–brain …