How and where did life on Earth originate? To date, various environments have been
proposed as plausible sites for the origin of life. However, discussions have focused on a …

The discovery of chemosynthetic ecosystems at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in 1977
changed our view of biology. Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the foundation of …

Nanofibres can be fabricated by various methods and perhaps electrospinning is the most
facile route. In past years, electrospinning has been used as a synthesis technique and the …

Clay minerals, recently discovered to be widespread in Mars's Noachian terrains, indicate
long-duration interaction between water and rock over 3.7 billion years ago. Analysis of how …

Recent discoveries of methyl-coenzyme M reductase–encoding genes (mcr) in uncultured
archaea beyond traditional euryarchaeotal methanogens have reshaped our view of …

Seabed fluid flow involves the flow of gases and liquids through the seabed. Such fluids
have been found to leak through the seabed into the marine environment in seas and …

The reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle (also known as the reverse Krebs cycle) is a
central anabolic biochemical pathway whose origins are proposed to trace back to …

Organisms capable of autotrophic metabolism assimilate inorganic carbon into organic
carbon. They form an integral part of ecosystems by making an otherwise unavailable form …

Geothermal springs are model ecosystems to investigate microbial biogeography as they
represent discrete, relatively homogenous habitats, are distributed across multiple …

It has been proposed that early bacteria, or even the last universal common ancestor of all
cells, were thermophilic. However, research on the origin and evolution of thermophily is …