The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth
century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been …

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

The extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements the previously published
segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

Abstract The Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar winter stratosphere of 2019/2020 featured an
exceptionally strong and cold stratospheric polar vortex. Wave activity from the troposphere …

There is high demand and a growing expectation for predictions of environmental conditions
that go beyond 0–14-day weather forecasts with outlooks extending to one or more seasons …

The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important
source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth's surface on timescales of weeks …

The stratosphere can have a significant impact on winter surface weather on subseasonal to
seasonal (S2S) timescales. This study evaluates the ability of current operational S2S …

Pronounced changes in the Arctic environment add a new potential driver of anomalous
weather patterns in midlatitudes that affect billions of people. Recent studies of these …

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are significant source of enhanced subseasonal
predictability, but whether this source is untapped in operational models remains an open …