The last decade has produced exciting new ideas about retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and its
role in integrating diverse inputs. Here, we review the diversity in forms of spatial and …

Several types of neurons involved in spatial navigation and memory encode the distance
and direction (that is, the vector) between an agent and items in its environment. Such …

Episodic memory, the conscious recollection of past events, is typically experienced from a
first-person (egocentric) perspective. The hippocampus plays an essential role in episodic …

The retrosplenial cortex is reciprocally connected with multiple structures implicated in
spatial cognition, and damage to the region itself produces numerous spatial impairments …

Highlights•Recent studies have discovered egocentric spatial representations coinciding
with classic allocentric representations.•These discoveries support previous theories of …

The hippocampal formation is critically involved in learning and memory and contains a
large proportion of neurons encoding aspects of the organism's spatial surroundings. In the …

The interplay between excitation and inhibition determines the fidelity of cortical
representations. The receptive fields of excitatory neurons are often finely tuned to encoded …

INTRODUCTION Navigation and spatial learning depend upon a topographic
representation of local space, which is defined with respect to the world (allocentric) and as …

The mediodorsal thalamus (MD) and anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) are two adjacent brain
nodes that support our ability to make decisions, learn, update information, form and retrieve …

Movement through space is a fundamental behavior for all animals. Cognitive maps of
environments are encoded in the hippocampal formation in an allocentric reference frame …