Building on the strength of the previous two editions, Bergman's Comprehensive
Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation is the third installment of the classic human …

Background The most remarkable exostoses of the human jaws are torus palatinus (TP) and
torus mandibularis (TM). The aim of the present study was to actuate the prevalence of TP …

Objective. The aim of this study is to investigate the multifactorial etiology of mandibular tori
analyzing the influence of genetics, occlusal overload, various clinical variables and their …

Introduction Oral tori and exostosis are non-pathological bony protuberances seen on the
alveolar surfaces of the jaw bones. These are commonly seen on the palatal surfaces of the …

Purpose There have been only a few reports on the prevalence of torus mandibularis (TM) in
young adult patients, and TM can have various adverse effects on oral and occlusal states in …

Objective: To assess possible associations between torus palatinus (TP), torus mandibularis
(TM), occlusal force (OF), Klemetti's classes, mandibular cortical index (MCI), and …

The oral exostoses are protuberance located on the alveolar surfaces of the jawbones with
nodular, flat or pedunculated shape. The purpose of this study was to highlight the variability …

Materials and Methods: Three thousand subjects were examined for the isolated and
concurrent occurrence of TM and TP. The subjects were seen over a 4-year period. The age …

Background. This study investigated the epidemiology of torus palatinus (TP) and torus
mandibularis (TM) in hemodialysis patients and analyzed the influences of …

Background The pathogenesis of oral tori has long been debated and is thought to be the
product of both genetic and environmental factors, including occlusal forces. Another …