The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the tumor surrounding environment, which is critical
for tumor development and progression. TME is also involved in clinical intervention and …

Brain tumors are a widespread and serious neurological phenomenon that can be life-
threatening. The computing field has allowed for the development of artificial intelligence …

Epigenetics is the study of heritable molecular determinants that are independent of
phenotypic features. The epigenetic features include DNA methylation, histone …

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a proteolytic machinery for the degradation of
protein substrates that are post-translationally conjugated with ubiquitin polymers through …

Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death driven by the excessive accumulation of
iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Therapy-resistant tumor cells, particularly those in the …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of highly tumorigenic cells in tumors. They have
enhanced self-renewal properties, are usually chemo-radioresistant, and can promote tumor …

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) are genetically engineered cells to express
tumor-specific antigens revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies. The …

The success of inhibitor-based therapeutics is largely constrained by the acquisition of
therapeutic resistance, which is partially driven by the undruggable proteome. The …

Autophagy constitutes a well-known homeostatic and catabolic process that is responsible
for degradation and recycling of cellular components. It is a key regulatory mechanism for …

Background The SCF (Skp1-cullin-F-box proteins) complex is the largest family of E3
ubiquitin ligases that mediate multiple specific substrate proteins degradation. Two ring …