The cell envelope is the first line of defense between a bacterium and the world-at-large.
Often, the initial steps that determine the outcome of chemical warfare, bacteriophage …

Recent studies applying advanced imaging techniques are changing the way we
understand bacterial cell surfaces, bringing new knowledge on everything from single-cell …

The bacterial flagellar motor is a supramolecular protein machine that drives rotation of the
flagellum for motility, which is essential for bacterial survival in different environments and a …

Gram-negative bacteria are surrounded by two membrane bilayers separated by a space
termed the periplasm. The periplasm is a multipurpose compartment separate from the …

The mechanical properties of the cell envelope in Gram-negative bacteria are controlled by
the peptidoglycan, the outer membrane, and the proteins interacting with both layers. In …

The peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall is an essential polymer for the shape and viability of
bacteria. Its protective role is in great part provided by its mesh‐like character. Therefore, PG …

Gram-negative bacteria have a cell envelope that comprises an outer membrane (OM), a
peptidoglycan (PG) layer and an inner membrane (IM). The OM and PG are load-bearing …

The cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria, a structure comprising an outer (OM) and an
inner (IM) membrane, is essential for life. The OM and the IM are separated by the …

Recent data support the hypothesis that Gram-positive bacteria (monoderms) arose from
Gram-negative ones (diderms) through loss of the outer membrane (OM), but how this …

The discovery of Escherichia coli Lpp as the first protein with three acyl groups covalently
attached to its N-terminal cysteine residue defined a new class of bacterial proteins, the …