The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes
and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of …

Dystrophin is a long rod-shaped protein that connects the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton to a
complex of proteins in the surface membrane (dystrophin protein complex, DPC), with further …

When wounded, eukaryotic cells reseal in a few seconds. Ca 2+ influx induces exocytosis of
lysosomes, a process previously thought to promote repair by 'patching'wounds. New …

The X-linked muscle-wasting disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations
in the gene encoding dystrophin. There is currently no effective treatment for the disease; …

The cell biology of caveolae is a rapidly growing area of biomedical research. Caveolae are
known primarily for their ability to transport molecules across endothelial cells, but modern …

Caveolin-1 is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes in fibroblasts and
endothelia. Recently, we have shown that the human CAV-1 gene is localized to a …

Caveolae are vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane. The chief structural proteins
of caveolae are the caveolins. Caveolins form a scaffold onto which many classes of …

Although they were discovered more than 50 years ago, caveolae have remained enigmatic
plasmalemmal organelles. With their characteristic “flasklike” shape and virtually ubiquitous …

Caveolin, a 21-24-kDa integral membrane protein, is a principal component of caveolae
membranes. We have suggested that caveolin functions as a scaffolding protein to organize …

The caveolin gene family has three members in vertebrates: caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and
caveolin-3. So far, most caveolin-related research has been conducted in mammals, but the …