Cognitive or intellectual investment theories propose that the development of intelligence is
partially influenced by personality traits, in particular by so-called investment traits that …

The terms pampering and spoiling have roots within early psychoanalytic literature, and over
time they have become a part of the vernacular. This entry will focus on pampering/spoiling …

Research on personality predictors of academic success is plentiful, with past research
focusing primarily on college populations and studying traditional personality predictors …

Over the past century, academic performance has become the gatekeeper to institutions of
higher education, shaping career paths and individual life trajectories. Accordingly, much …

The investigation of taste aversion learning (TAL) began in the 1950s with the research of
John Garcia (for a history, see Freeman and Riley 2009). Using rats to study the effects of …

Need for cognition (NFC) refers to an individual's tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful
cognitive processing. So far, little attention has been paid to a systematic evaluation of the …

Background Both ability (measured by power tests) and non‐ability (measured by
preference tests) individual difference measures predict academic school outcomes. These …

Epistemic curiosity, the “desire for knowledge that motivates individuals to learn new ideas,
eliminate information-gaps, and solve intellectual problems”(Litman, 2008), has been …

Researchers and the general public have become increasingly intrigued by the roles that
systematic tendencies toward thinking, feeling, and behaving might play in academic …

The ability to distinguish secondary school students according to characteristics that
contribute to success in university represents important knowledge in the research areas of …