Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly
attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial …

Gram-negative bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, due in large part to the
permeability barrier formed by their cell envelope. The complex and synergistic interplay of …

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) decorating the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria exhibit
nuanced functionalities linked to their precise structural composition. However, despite their …

This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of
matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of …

Highlights•The glycolipid Lipid A is the conserved, amphipathic moiety of LPS.•Lipid A binds
to certain Toll like receptors and caspases with high affinity.•Bacteria alter their Lipid A …

Zunongwangia profunda SM-A87 is a deep-sea sedimentary bacterium from the phylum
Bacteroidetes, representing a new genus of Flavobacteriaceae. It was previously …

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a dog's and cat's oral commensal which can cause fatal
human infections upon bites or scratches. Infections mainly start with flu-like symptoms but …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane potently
activates the human innate immune system. LPS is recognized by the Toll-like receptor …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious global health concern, resulting in a
significant number of deaths annually due to infections that are resistant to treatment. Amidst …

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the most significant challenges for public health. The
increase in bacterial resistance, mainly due to microorganisms harmful to health, and the …