Mammalian fertilization is a fascinating process that leads to the formation of a new
individual. Eggs and sperm are complex cells that must meet at the appropriate time and …

The lifespan of spermatozoa from externally fertilizing freshwater fish ranges from a few
seconds to several minutes, depending on the species. External factors, such as …

Mammalian sperm rolling around their longitudinal axes is a long-observed component of
motility, but its function in the fertilization process, and more specifically in sperm migration …

Intracellular Ca 2+ is a key regulator of cell signaling and sperm are not the exception. Cells
often use cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+] i) oscillations as a means to decodify …

Sexual reproduction involves a cascade of molecular interactions between the sperm and
the egg culminating in cell–cell fusion. Vital steps mediating fertilization include …

Gametic isolation is thought to play an important role in the evolution of reproductive
isolation in broadcast‐spawning marine invertebrates. However, it is unclear whether …

In sea urchins, spermatozoa are stored in the gonads in hypercapnic conditions (pH< 7.0).
During spawning, sperm are diluted in seawater of pH> 8.0, and there is an alkalinization of …

Marine planktonic predator–prey interactions occur in microscale seascapes, where
diffusing chemicals may act either as chemotactic cues that enhance or arrest predation, or …

The vitelline layer (VL) of a sea urchin egg is an intricate meshwork of glycoproteins that
intimately ensheathes the plasma membrane. During fertilization, the VL plays important …

Sea urchin sperm swimming is regulated by speract, a decapeptide released from egg jelly
that induces chemotaxis and triggers membrane potential (Em) changes, intracellular …