Background: Cigarette smoking is the main cause of preventable death in developed
countries. While the direct positive behavioral reinforcing effect of nicotine has historically …

Nicotine withdrawal is associated with deficits in neurocognitive function including sustained
attention, working memory, and response inhibition. Several convergent lines of evidence …

As many as one-half of smokers relapse in the first week following a quit attempt, and
subjective reports of cognitive deficits in early abstinence are associated with increased …

Cholinergic activation regulates cognitive function, particularly long‐term memory
consolidation. This Review presents an overview of the anatomical, neurochemical, and …

Background No medications have been proven to be effective for cocaine and
methamphetamine addiction. Attenuation of drug reward has been the main strategy for …

Smokers have substantial individual differences in quit success in response to current
treatments for nicotine dependence. This observation may suggest that different underlying …

BACKGROUND: Cognitive alterations are a core symptom of nicotine withdrawal,
contributing to smoking relapse. In rodents and humans, cognitive deficits can be reversed …

Background: Animal models are critical to improve our understanding of the neuronal
mechanisms underlying nicotine withdrawal. Nicotine dependence in rodents can be …

The pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic profile of the α4β2 nicotinic
acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline provide an advantageous …

Addiction is a chronic disorder marked by long-lasting maladaptive changes in behavior and
in reward system function. However, the factors that contribute to the behavioral and …