Through the successes of checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy,
immunotherapy has become an established treatment modality for cancer. Cellular …

A growing body of evidence indicates that, over the course of evolution of the immune
system, arginine has been selected as a node for the regulation of immune responses. An …

Nitric oxide (NO) represents a potential wound therapeutic agent due to its ability to regulate
inflammation and eradicate bacterial infections. Two broad strategies exist to utilize NO for …

The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As
the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The …

Macrophages are dynamic cells that mature under the influence of signals from the local
microenvironment into either classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages …

Macrophages represent the first line of defence in innate immune responses and
additionally serve important functions for the regulation of host inflammation and tissue …

Review on tissue repair and M1-like to M2a-like macrophages, exhibiting important
differences from in vitro phenotypes. Mp are crucial for tissue repair and regeneration but …

Macrophages are found in close proximity with collagen-producing myofibroblasts and
indisputably play a key role in fibrosis. They produce profibrotic mediators that directly …

Osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) are a special subtype of macrophage residing in bony
tissues. Interesting findings from basic research have pointed to their vast and substantial …

Evidence is provided that macrophages can make M-1 or M-2 responses. The concept of M-
1/M-2 fomented from observations that macrophages from prototypical Th1 strains (C57BL/6 …