Extracellular vesicles are produced by species across all domains of life, suggesting that
vesiculation represents a fundamental principle of living matter. In Gram-negative bacteria …

The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the environment has been consistently
recognized as a worldwide concern. ECs may be defined as chemicals or materials found in …

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) receive sewage water from a variety of sources,
including livestock farms, hospitals, industries, and households, that contain antimicrobial …

Antibiotic therapy is one of the most important approaches against bacterial infections.
However, the improper use of antibiotics and the emergence of drug resistance have …

Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these
infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Biofilms are population of cells growing in a coordinated manner and exhibiting resistance
towards hostile environments. The infections associated with biofilms are difficult to control …

The acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes has rendered important pathogens
nearly or fully unresponsive to antibiotics. It has been suggested that pathogens acquire AR …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a prominent mechanism of transport and interaction
between cells, especially microbes. Increasing evidence indicates that EVs play a key role in …

The abuse and residues of antibiotics have a great impact on the environment and
organisms, and their determination has become very important. Due to their low contents …