Students face four decision margins:(a) How many years to spend in school,(b) What to
study,(c) How much effort to devote to learning per year and (d) Whether to disrupt or assist …

This synthesis addresses the following research problem: Based on rigorous research and
evaluation studies, what is the effectiveness of OST strategies in assisting low-achieving or …

Few decisions by a school district are more controversial than the decision to close a school.
School staff, students and their families, and even the local community all bear a substantial …

Employing a randomized field trial, this 3-year study explored the effects of a multiyear
summer school program in preventing the cumulative effect of summer learning losses and …

In the mid-1990s, the Chicago Public Schools declared an end to social promotion and
instituted promotional requirements based on standardized test scores in the third, sixth, and …

Using administrative data from a large school district, I exploit the fact that students are
mandated to attend summer school based on a discontinuous function of their score on year …

This chapter explores the summer vacation improved fall reading proficiency, and whether
access to books increased the volume of summer reading. Prior research, on the other hand …

We present results from a meta-analysis of 37 contemporary experimental and quasi-
experimental studies of summer programs in mathematics for children in grades pre-K–12 …

Across the country, grade promotion is tied increasingly to performance on standardized
tests. One concern about such policies is that they might increase dropout rates. Policy …

This article analyzes the impact of high-stakes testing in Chicago on student achievement in
grades targeted for promotional decisions. Using a three-level Hierarchical Linear Model …