Large language models (LLMs) are complex artificial intelligence systems capable of
understanding, generating and translating human language. They learn language patterns …

Hardware vendors have introduced confidential VM architectures (eg, AMD SEV-SNP, Intel
TDX and Arm CCA) in recent years. They eliminate the trust in the hypervisor and lead to the …

Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) is an emerging product to meet the market
demand. However, end users are required to upload data to the remote server when using …

Binary verification plays a pivotal role in software security, yet building a verification service
that is both open and trustworthy poses a formidable challenge. In this paper, we introduce a …

With the popularity of confidential computing, confidential virtual machines (CVMs) have
been widely adopted and they guarantee strong security by hardware. However, there still …

Hardware vendors have introduced confidential VM architectures (eg, AMD SEV-SNP, Intel
TDX and Arm CCA) in recent years. They eliminate the trust in the hypervisor and lead to the …