COVID‐19 and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS‐CoV‐2 may bind and activate TLR4 to increase ACE2 expression, facilitating entry and causing hyperinflammation

MM Aboudounya, RJ Heads - Mediators of inflammation, 2021 - Wiley Online Library
Causes of mortality from COVID‐19 include respiratory failure, heart failure, and
sepsis/multiorgan failure. TLR4 is an innate immune receptor on the cell surface that …

Innate immune and inflammatory responses to SARS-CoV-2: Implications for COVID-19

SA Lowery, A Sariol, S Perlman - Cell Host & Microbe, 2021 - cell.com
COVID-19 can result in severe disease characterized by significant immunopathology that is
spurred by an exuberant, yet dysregulated, innate immune response with a poor adaptive …

Myocardial injury and COVID-19: possible mechanisms

S Babapoor-Farrokhran, D Gill, J Walker, RT Rasekhi… - Life sciences, 2020 - Elsevier
Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly progressed to a global health
emergency. Respiratory illness is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in these …

Lessons for COVID-19 immunity from other coronavirus infections

A Sariol, S Perlman - Immunity, 2020 - cell.com
A key goal to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is developing an effective
vaccine. Development of a vaccine requires knowledge of what constitutes a protective …

SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling

L Miorin, T Kehrer… - Proceedings of the …, 2020 - National Acad Sciences
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of
the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is a serious global health …

Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling

B Israelow, E Song, T Mao, P Lu, A Meir, F Liu… - Journal of Experimental …, 2020 - rupress.org
Severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has caused over
13,000,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with a significant fatality rate …

Robust T cell response toward spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 proteins is not associated with recovery in critical COVID-19 patients

CJ Thieme, M Anft, K Paniskaki… - Cell Reports …, 2020 - cell.com
T cell immunity toward SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-), membrane (M-), and nucleocapsid (N-)
proteins may define COVID-19 severity. Therefore, we compare the SARS-CoV-2-reactive T …

Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice

R Channappanavar, AR Fehr, R Vijay, M Mack… - Cell host & …, 2016 - cell.com
Highly pathogenic human respiratory coronaviruses cause acute lethal disease
characterized by exuberant inflammatory responses and lung damage. However, the factors …

Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits sexually dimorphic placental immune responses

EA Bordt, LL Shook, C Atyeo, KM Pullen… - Science translational …, 2021 - science.org
There is a persistent bias toward higher prevalence and increased severity of coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males. Underlying mechanisms accounting for this sex …

[HTML][HTML] Middle East respiratory syndrome

A Zumla, DS Hui, S Perlman - The Lancet, 2015 - thelancet.com
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a highly lethal respiratory disease caused by a
novel single-stranded, positive-sense RNA betacoronavirus (MERS-CoV). Dromedary …