The mechanisms of bone and blood formation have traditionally been viewed as distinct,
unrelated processes, but compelling evidence suggests that they are intertwined. Based on …

Bone and the immune system are both complex tissues that respectively regulate the
skeleton and the body's response to invading pathogens. It has now become clear that these …

The IL-6 family of cytokines comprises a large group of cytokines that all act via the formation
of a signaling complex that includes the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor. Despite this …

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an 84-amino-acid polypeptide hormone functioning as a
major mediator of bone remodeling and as an essential regulator of calcium homeostasis …

Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes; molecular mechanisms
that promote energy expenditure can be utilized for effective therapy. Src-associated in …

We review data on the in-vitro, ex-vivo, in-vivo, and clinical effects of fluoroquinolones on the
synthesis of cytokines and their mechanisms of immunomodulation. In general, most …

Hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI) is manifested by the accretion of bone on the inner table
of the frontal bone. Despite the vast literature on HFI, ambiguity exists as to its etiology …

Leukemia-inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by multiple tissue types.
The LIF receptor shares a common gp130 receptor subunit with the IL-6 cytokine …

Members of the IL-1 family of cytokines are important in mediating inflammatory responses.
The genes encoding IL-1α, IL-β, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) are clustered …

Objective To determine the capacity of human subchondral osteoarthritic osteoblasts (Ob) to
produce interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and prostaglandin E2 …