Men may not be able to multitask, but it is emerging that proteins can. This capacity of
proteins to exhibit more than one function is termed protein moonlighting, and, surprisingly …

Initially discovered in the context of immunomodulation, peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases
(PPIases) were soon identified as enzymes catalyzing the rate-limiting protein folding step at …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger host immune response by
activating pattern recognition receptors like toll-like receptors (TLRs). However, the …

The link between bacteria and host chromatin remodeling is an emerging topic. The exciting
recent discoveries on bacterial impact on host epigenetics, as discussed in this Review …

Since 1962, when Ferruccio Ritossa discovered new puffing patterns in the polytene
chromosomes of Drosophila incubated at an elevated temperature (153), we have been …

Implicit in the central dogma is the hypothesis that each protein gene product has but one
function. However, over the past decade, it has become clear that many proteins have one …

The gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects the stomachs of
approximately half of the world's population. Although infection induces an immune …

Helicobacter pylori infection is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate, consisting mainly
of neutrophils and T cells. This study was undertaken to evaluate the type of gastric T cell …

Curcumin is the main constituent of the spice turmeric, used in diet and in traditional
medicine, particularly across the Indian subcontinent. Anti-inflammatory activity and …

The extracellular protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is a well-known and important
causative agent of diarrhea on a global scale. Macrophage pyroptosis has been recognized …