Cancer is one of the primary causes of death worldwide, and its incidence continues to
increase yearly. Despite significant advances in research, the search for effective and …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been recognized now for several decades as playing a
key role in reproduction and exerting functions in numerous nonreproductive tissues. In this …

Progesterone is commonly considered as a female reproductive hormone and is well-known
for its role in pregnancy. It is less well appreciated that progesterone and its metabolite …

Importance The androgen receptor (AR) pathway is emerging as a potential therapeutic
target in breast cancer. To date, AR-targeted drugs have been approved only for treatment of …

Estrogen is central to many physiological processes throughout the human body. We have
previously shown that the G protein–coupled receptor GPR30 (also known as GPER), in …

Steroids play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology and the treatment of
disease. Steroid receptors have classically been described as ligand-activated transcription …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) activation functions AF-1 and AF-2 classically mediate gene
transcription in response to estradiol (E2). A fraction of ERα is targeted to plasma membrane …

GPER/GPR30 is a seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor that
regulates many aspects of mammalian biology and physiology. We have previously …

The physiological significance of androgens in female reproduction was unclear until female
mice with global knockout of androgen receptor (AR) expression were found to have …

The effects of estrogen are widespread throughout the body. Although the classical nuclear
estrogen receptors have been known for many years to decades and their primary modes of …