This review gives a historical perspective, summarizing approximately 25 years of research
on opioids. The “typical” opioid peptides produced in the brain,“atypical” opioids encrypted …

Cell membrane receptors rarely work on isolation, often they form oligomeric complexes with
other receptor molecules and they may directly interact with different proteins of the signal …

Given the mounting evidence for involvement of δ opioid receptors in the tolerance and
physical dependence of μ opioid receptor agonists, we have investigated the possible …

The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-
penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin [(D-Pen2, L-Pen5] enkephalin) and [2-D …

An-sialoside linked to acrylamide by a short connector (5-acetamido-2-0-C/V-acryloyl-8-
amino-5-oxaoctyl)-2, 6-anhydro-3, 5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-a-nonulopyranosonoic …

Opiates have been the most widely investigated class of natural products. 1 The two most
prominent opiates, morphine and codeine, have had a long history of use and abuse …

Opioid receptors are currently classified as µ (mu: mOP), δ (delta: dOP), κ (kappa: kOP) with
a fourth related non-classical opioid receptor for nociceptin/orphainin FQ, NOP. Morphine is …

The development of environmentally benign, operationally simple, and economically viable
synthetic methodologies has been a great challenge in organic synthesis. Group-assisted …

According to the membrane compartment concept the receptor specificity of ligands is based
not only on ligand-receptor complementarity but also on specific ligand-membrane …

G-protein-coupled receptors such as opioid receptors exist in oligomeric complexes. Homo-
oligomerization of μ, δ, and κ opioid receptors has been demonstrated, suggesting a critical …