Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare X‐linked disease caused by a mutation of the
peroxisomal ABCD1 gene. This review summarizes our current understanding of the …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been called “the most complicated disease of the most
complex organ of the body” and is an increasingly high-profile public health issue. Many …

Introduction There is growing concern around the effects of concussion and sub-concussive
impacts in sport. Routine game-play in soccer involves intentional and repeated head …

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Soccer players are at high risk for repetitive
subconcussive head impact when heading the ball. Whether this leads to long-term …

There is a long history linking traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the development of dementia.
Despite significant reservations, such as recall bias or concluding causality for TBI, a …

Sports‐related concussion is a serious health challenge, and females are at higher risk of
sustaining a sports‐related concussion compared to males. Although there are many studies …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique used to study
metabolites in the brain. MRS findings in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subconcussive hit …

Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy associated with prior
exposure to repetitive head impacts, such as those incurred through American football and …

Purpose of Review The incidence of sport-related concussion (SRC) has been increasing in
different sports and its impact on long-term cognitive function is increasingly recognized. In …

Repetitive head impacts (RHI) are commonly observed in athletes participating in contact
sports such as American football, ice hockey, and soccer. RHI usually do not result in acute …