Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease
and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites …

Bile acids (BAs) can regulate their own metabolism and transport as well as other key
aspects of metabolic homeostasis via dedicated (nuclear and G protein-coupled) receptors …

Currently, obesity has become a global health issue and is referred to as an epidemic.
Dysfunctional obese adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin …

The gut microbiota contributes to host physiology through the production of a myriad of
metabolites. These metabolites exert their effects within the host as signalling molecules and …

Obesity is caused by a long-term difference between energy intake and expenditure—an
imbalance that is seemingly easily restored by increasing exercise and reducing caloric …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease
worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

The gut microbiota is a central regulator of host metabolism. The composition and function of
the gut microbiota is dynamic and affected by diet properties such as the amount and …

Conceptual scientific and medical advances have led to a recent realization that there may
be no single, one-size-fits-all diet and that differential human responses to dietary inputs …

In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the
development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as …