The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in maintaining the specialized
microenvironment of the neural tissue. It separates the peripheral circulatory system from the …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles with an important role in
intercellular communication, even across brain barriers. The bidirectional brain-barrier …

Mitochondria are organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells, where they represent the
main site of energy production. Mitochondria are involved in several important cell …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a few FDA-
approved drugs that provide modest symptomatic benefits and only two FDA-approved …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for various diseases ranging
from ischemic stroke to wound healing and cancer. Their therapeutic effects are mainly …

Neuroinflammation and the resulting neurodegeneration is a big challenge for the
healthcare system, especially with the aging population. Neuroinflammation can result from …

Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that are essential components of the neurovascular unit
(NVU) and are involved in neurodevelopment, brain maintenance and repair, and …

Mitochondria, pivotal organelles governing cellular biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and
signal transduction, maintain dynamic equilibrium through processes such as biogenesis …

Dysfunction in the neurovascular unit (NVU) is a key component in the progressive
deterioration of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is critical in vascular dementia. Recent studies …

Recent findings have highlighted potential diagnostic and prognostic values of extracellular
vesicles (EVs) that contain mitochondrial derived components for neurological disorders …