Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic
biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated …

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a
result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic …

GPCRs (G-protein [guanine nucleotide-binding protein]–coupled receptors) play a central
physiological role in the regulation of cardiac function in both health and disease and thus …

Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

The mammalian heart is a dynamic organ that can grow and change to accommodate
alterations in its workload. During development and in response to physiological stimuli or …

The progression from cardiac injury to symptomatic heart failure has been intensely studied
over the last decade, and is largely attributable to a loss of functional cardiac myocytes …

Heterotrimeric G proteins are key players in transmembrane signaling by coupling a huge
variety of receptors to channel proteins, enzymes, and other effector molecules. Multiple …

Recent studies call into question the necessity of hypertrophic growth of the heart as a
“compensatory” response to hemodynamic stress. These findings, coupled with recent …

resultant striking increase in morbidity and mortality. The transition to symptomatic heart
failure is accompanied by further activation of neurohormonal and cytokine systems, as well …

Cell death was once viewed as unregulated. It is now clear that at least a portion of cell
death is a regulated cell suicide process. This type of death can exhibit multiple …