Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) as safe drug delivery carriers, are spontaneously formed
by mixing the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte solutions in water without using organic …

The introduction of vaccines is regarded as one of the most successful medical interventions
to date. However, there is a clear need for the development of new vaccines for diseases …

Vaccines have always been the most effective preventive treatment. Advancements in the
field of vaccine is inseparable from adjuvants. Adjuvants are substances added to vaccines …

Adjuvants have been used in vaccines for a long time to promote the body's immune
response, reducing vaccine dosage and production costs. Although many vaccine adjuvants …

Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Therefore, vaccination through
the mucosal route can greatly enhance the mucosal immune response. Vaccination via the …

The development of virus-like particle (VLP) technology has had an enormous impact on
modern vaccinology. In order to optimize the efficacy and safety of VLP-based vaccines …

Microneedles (MNs) fabrication using chitosan has gained significant interest due to its
ability of film-forming, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for topical …

Upon publication of the first edition of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins ten years ago there
were only 19 biotechology medicines on the market. Currently there are more than 100, with …

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a potent immunogenic adjuvant and epitope display
platform for the development of vaccines against cancers and infectious diseases, including …

Chitosan is the most commonly investigated functional cationic biopolymer in a wide range
of medical applications due to its promising properties such as biocompatibility …