Biofilms comprising aggregates of microorganisms or multicellular communities have been a
major issue as they cause resistance against antimicrobial agents and biofouling. To date …

Marine biofouling is the accumulation of biological material on underwater surfaces, which
has plagued both commercial and naval fleets. Biomimetic approaches may well provide …

Barnacle-type roughness can be considered as a hybrid form of roughness that combines
some of the topographical features of traditional regular rough surfaces composed of …

Prohibition of using the organotin-based antifouling coatings by International Maritime
Organization (IMO), due to their serious environmental and health impacts, open a new …

The addition of biocides to marine coatings has been the most used solution to avoid marine
biofouling, however they are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) to marine …

Inter-individual transmission of cancer cells represents a unique form of microparasites
increasingly reported in marine bivalves. In this study, we sought to understand the ecology …

Mild Steel has various forms in which it can be used. It possesses mechanical properties
and hence it has found various implementations in many sectors/industries. However, the …

The accuracy of optical instruments is inevitably affected by marine biofouling as their optical
windows become obscured in seawater. The continuous removal of biofouling imposes a …

Fouling is a major issue occurring in water-going vessels, such as ships that cause
increased surface roughness and drag resistance. The fouling organisms produce …

The adverse effects of marine biofouling on marine renewable energy devices are well
established. In recent fundamental investigations on fluid flow over this type of surface …